소크라테스가 학식있는 체 하는 이들의 미움을 사게 된 이유는 또 하나 있었죠. 바로 이들에 대한 소크라테스의 비판을 혈기왕성한 젊은이들이 좋아해 따르기 시작한 것입니다.
There is another thing:—young men of the richer classes, who have not much to do, come about me of their own accord; they like to hear the pretenders examined, and they often imitate me, and examine others themselves; there are plenty of persons, as they soon enough discover, who think that they know something, but really know little or nothing: and then those who are examined by them instead of being angry with themselves are angry with me:
come about: follow
of their own accord: 그들 스스로, 자발적으로
hear the pretenders examined: 그 아는 체 하는 이들이 시험당한 얘기를 듣다
instead of being angry with themselves: 그들 자신에게 화를 내는 대신에
그래서 조롱당한 이들은 소크라테스가 젊은이들을 망치고 있다고 여기기 시작합니다. 하지만 그들은 소크라테스를 비난할 뚜렷한 근거를 찾기 힘들어, 오래 전부터 이단 사상가들을 비난하던 논리를 그대로 가져다 쓰게 됩니다.
This confounded Socrates, they say; this villainous misleader of youth!—and then if somebody asks them, Why, what evil does he practise or teach? they do not know, and cannot tell; but in order that they may not appear to be at a loss, they repeat the ready-made charges which are used against all philosophers about teaching things up in the clouds and under the earth, and having no gods, and making the worse appear the better cause; for they do not like to confess that their pretence of knowledge has been detected—which is the truth: and as they are numerous and ambitious and energetic, and are all in battle array and have perpersuasive tongues, they have filled your ears with their loud and inveterate calumnies.
confounded: 괘씸한
villainous: 극악한
in order that they may not appear to be at a loss: 그들이 당황한 것을 보이지 않으려고
ready-made: 기성의, 기존에 이미 있는
pretence: 가식
numerous: 다수인
in battle array: 전투 태세를 갖춘
persuasive tongues: 빼어난(설득력있는) 말솜씨
inveterate: 만성의, 뿌리깊은
calumny: 비방, 중상
소크라테스에 대한 세 사람의 고발자는 각각 기능장, 시인, 변론가들을 대표하고 있었죠. 소크라테스에게 자신들의 무지를 들킨 이들이 일종의 연합 전선을 펴고 그를 공격하게 된 것입니다. 소크라테스는 이제까지 자신의 변론에 거짓이라곤 없으며, 논리적으로도 너무 명백하기 때문에 오히려 그게 더 적들을 화나게 하고 있다고 합니다. 그리고 이러한 그들의 분노야말로, 자신이 진실을 말하고 있다는 증거가 될 것이라고 주장합니다.
And this is the reason why my three accusers, Meletus and Anytus and Lycon, have set upon me; Meletus, who has a quarrel with me on behalf of the poets; Anytus, on behalf of the craftsmen; Lycon, on behalf of the rhetoricians: and as I said at the beginning, I cannot expect to get rid of this mass of calumny all in a moment. And this, O men of Athens, is the truth and the whole truth; I have concealed nothing, I have dissembled nothing. And yet I know that this plainness of speech makes them hate me, and what is their hatred but a proof that I am speaking the truth?—this is the occasion and reason of their slander of me, as you will find out either in this or in any future inquiry.
set upon: ~을 공격하다
craftsman: 기능장, 기술자
rhetorician: 수사학자, 변론가
mass: 많은 양
dissemble: 감추다
plainness: 솔직함, 명백함
occasion: cause
slander: 중상
이로써 소크라테스가 말했던 '오래된 적들'의 주장에 대한 변론이 끝났습니다. 이제 그는 두 번째로 더 최근에 자신을 공격하기 시작한 집단의 주장을 반박하기 시작합니다. 그들의 주장은, 소크라테스가 악행을 일삼고, 젊은이들을 타락시키고, 이단의 신을 믿는다는 것입니다. 그러나 소크라테스는 이들의 주장이 완전히 거짓일 뿐 아니라, 그들은 자신을 공격하기 위해 스스로 거의 관심 가져본 적 없는 문제에 대해 사려 깊은 척 한다고 주장합니다.
I have said enough in my defence against the first class of my accusers; I turn to the second class, who are headed by Meletus, that good and patriotic man, as he calls himself. And now I will try to defend myself against them: these new accusers must also have their affidavit read. What do they say? Something of this sort: That Socrates is a doer of evil, and corrupter of the youth, and he does not believe in the gods of the State, and has other new divinities of his own. That is the sort of charge; and now let us examine the particular counts.
who are headed by Meletus: 멜리투스에 의해 지휘되고 있는 사람들인
affidavit: 진술서
have their affidavit read: 읽어야 할 그들의 진술서를 갖고 있습니다
doer of evil: 악을 행하는 자
divinity: 신, 신성
count: 죄목
He says that I am a doer of evil, who corrupt the youth; but I say, O men of Athens, that Meletus is a doer of evil, and the evil is that he makes a joke of a serious matter, and is too ready at bringing other men to trial from a pretended zeal and interest about matters in which he really never had the smallest interest. And the truth of this I will endeavor to prove.
a pretended zeal: 꾸며진 열정
matters in which he really never had the smallest interest: 그가 정말로 아주 조금의 관심도 가져본 적이 없는 문제들
(translated by Benjamin Jowett, http://www.bartleby.com/2/1/1.html)
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