드디어, 고발자들의 기소 내용을 읽는 것으로, 소크라테스는 본격적인 변론을 시작합니다. 기소장(affidavit)이 말하는 그의 죄란, 악을 행하고, 땅 아래와 하늘 위를 탐구했으며(당시 기준으론 일종의 불경죄라 할 수 있겠죠), 나쁜 사상을 좋은 것인양 포장했다는 것입니다.
I will begin at the beginning, and ask what the accusation is which has given rise to this slander of me, and which has encouraged Meletus to proceed against me. What do the slanderers say? They shall be my prosecutors, and I will sum up their words in an affidavit. “Socrates is an evil-doer, and a curious person, who searches into things under the earth and in heaven, and he makes the worse appear the better cause; and he teaches the aforesaid doctrines to others.”
accusation: 고발
give rise to: ~을 야기시키다
proceed against: ~을 고소하다
prosecutor: 검찰, 기소인
affidavit: 진술서
evil-doer: 악을 행하는 사람
aforesaid: 전술한, aforementioned
doctrine: 주의, 교리
이러한 비난은, 단지 기소장 뿐 아니라 아리스토파네스(Aristophanes)란 작가의 희극(comedy)에도 등장했다고 합니다. 그 희극에서 소크라테스란 이름의 등장인물이 마치 스스로가 기적을 행할 수 있고 초월적인 지혜를 가진 것처럼 행동했나봅니다. 물론 현실의 소크라테스는 그런 발언을 한 적이 없고, 자연철학을 배우는 이들을 비난한 적도 없죠.
That is the nature of the accusation, and that is what you have seen yourselves in the comedy of Aristophanes; who has introduced a man whom he calls Socrates, going about and saying that he can walk in the air, and talking a deal of nonsense concerning matters of which I do not pretend to know either much or little—not that I mean to say anything disparaging of anyone who is a student of natural philosophy.
a deal of nonsense: 상당한 양의 터무니없는 소리
concerning: ~에 관해
disparage: 헐뜯다
natural philosophy: 자연철학.
소크라테스는 자신의 결백에 대한 증언을 그 자리에 나와있는 목격자들에게 호소합니다.
I should be very sorry if Meletus could lay that to my charge. But the simple truth is, O Athenians, that I have nothing to do with these studies. Very many of those here present are witnesses to the truth of this, and to them I appeal. Speak then, you who have heard me, and tell your neighbors whether any of you have ever known me hold forth in few words or in many upon matters of this sort…. You hear their answer. And from what they say of this you will be able to judge of the truth of the rest.
lay that to my charge: 그러한 것을 나의 혐의로 두다
have nothing to do with: ~과 아무 관련이 없다
to them I appeal: 그들에게 호소합니다, I appeal to them
hold forth upon(on): ~에 대해 설교하다
in few words or in many: 적게 말했건 많이 말했건
또한 그가 스승을 자처하고 학생들에게 돈을 받았다는 얘기도 근거없는 것이라 주장합니다. 그리고 진실을 알고 있다고 주장하며 돈을 받고 학생들을 가르친 이들로 고르기아스, 프로디쿠스, 히피아스, 에베누스 등을 언급합니다.
As little foundation is there for the report that I am a teacher, and take money; that is no more true than the other. Although, if a man is able to teach, I honor him for being paid. There is Gorgias of Leontium, and Prodicus of Ceos, and Hippias of Elis, who go the round of the cities, and are able to persuade the young men to leave their own citizens, by whom they might be taught for nothing, and come to them, whom they not only pay, but are thankful if they may be allowed to pay them.
As little foundation is there for the report that~ : ~라는 보고는 근거가 약하기 때문에.
As there is little foundation for the report that~
that is no more true than the other: 다른 혐의보다 더 많은 진실을 담고 있지 않다.
즉, 이것 역시 거짓이다.
go the round of: ~를 돌아다니다
또한 파리안 사람 에베누스는 고작 5 미네의 돈으로 '인간이 마땅히 지녀야 할 덕목와 탁월함(their own proper virtue and excellence)을 가르쳐줄 수 있다고 주장한다는 사실을 언급하며, 이 사람이 정말 그렇게 훌륭한 지혜를 그렇게 양호한 가격에 전해줄 수 있다면 정말 대단한 사람이라고 비꼽니다.
There is actually a Parian philosopher residing in Athens, of whom I have heard; and I came to hear of him in this way: I met a man who has spent a world of money on the Sophists, Callias the son of Hipponicus, and knowing that he had sons, I asked him:
“Callias,” I said, “if your two sons were foals or calves, there would be no difficulty in finding someone to put over them; we should hire a trainer of horses or a farmer probably who would improve and perfect them in their own proper virtue and excellence; but as they are human beings, whom are you thinking of placing over them? Is there anyone who understands human and political virtue? You must have thought about this as you have sons; is there anyone?” “There is,” he said. “Who is he?” said I, “and of what country? and what does he charge?” “Evenus the Parian,” he replied; “he is the man, and his charge is five minæ.” Happy is Evenus, I said to myself, if he really has this wisdom, and teaches at such a modest charge. Had I the same, I should have been very proud and conceited; but the truth is that I have no knowledge of the kind, O Athenians.
reside in : ~에 거주하다
I came to hear of him in this way: 나는 그에게 이와 같이 들은 적이 있었습니다.
a world of money: 막대한 돈
foal: 망아지
calf: 송아지
put over, place over: 기르다, 성장시키다
what does he charge?: 돈(수업료)을 얼마나 요구하는가?
minae: 고대 그리스 화폐 단위
a modest charge: 그다지 비싸지 않은 가격
Had I the same: If I had the same
conceited: 자부심에 가득 찬
(translated by Benjamin Jowett, http://www.bartleby.com/2/1/1.html)
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