Learning English with Classics -Apology(2~3)

 



   본격적인 변론을 시작하기에 앞서, 소크라테스는 우선 자신의 변론이 어떤 혐의를 대상으로 하는 것인지 명확하게 합니다. 그는 자신을 공격하는 세력이 두 종류로 나눠져 있음을 말하고, 더 오래 자신을 공격해온 쪽의 주장을 먼저 반박하겠다고 합니다.


  And first, I have to reply to the older charges and to my first accusers, and then I will go to the later ones. For I have had many accusers, who accused me of old, and their false charges have continued during many years; and I am more afraid of them than of Anytus and his associates, who are dangerous, too, in their own way. 


the older charges: 더 오래된 비난
in one's own way: ~ 나름으로


   소크라테스의 오랜 적들은 수십 년 동안 그를 '위로는 하늘을 의심하고, 아래로는 대지를 탐구하고, 더 열등한 사상을 마치 더 좋은 사상인 것처럼 보이게 하는(speculated about the heaven above, and searched into the earth beneath, and made the worse appear the better cause)' 죄를 저질렀다고 공격해왔습니다. 하지만 이 적들은 언제나 자신의 실체를 명확히 드러내지 않고 뒤에서 혹은 희극(comic poem) 속에서만 그를 비난해 왔기 때문에, 소크라테스는 그들와 제대로 된 논쟁조차 할 수 없었다고 주장합니다.


   But far more dangerous are these, who began when you were children, and took possession of your minds with their falsehoods, telling of one Socrates, a wise man, who speculated about the heaven above, and searched into the earth beneath, and made the worse appear the better cause. These are the accusers whom I dread; for they are the circulators of this rumor, and their hearers are too apt to fancy that speculators of this sort do not believe in the gods. And they are many, and their charges against me are of ancient date, and they made them in days when you were impressible—in childhood, or perhaps in youth—and the cause when heard went by default, for there was none to answer.
 

take possesion of: ~을 사로잡다
one Socrates: 소크라테스라는 사람. one이 인명 앞에 붙으면 '~라는 사람'이라는 뜻이 된다.
made the worse appear the better cause: 잘못된 것들(사상)을 더 훌륭한 사상인 것처럼 보이게 했다
dread: 두려워하다
circulator: 나쁜 소문을 퍼뜨리는 사람, scandalmonger
be apt to: ~하기 쉽다.
speculators of this sort do not believe in the gods: 이런 종류의 사상을 퍼뜨리는 사람은 신을 믿지 않는다. 그리스에는 신이 여럿이므로 the gods로 표현. 반면 유일신은 God.
of ancient date: 아주 오래되었다.
impressible: 감수성이 풍부한
cause: 여기서는 소송(case)의 뜻
go by default: (판결이) 결석 재판에서 내려지다


   And, hardest of all, their names I do not know and cannot tell; unless in the chance of a comic poet. But the main body of these slanderers who from envy and malice have wrought upon you—and there are some of them who are convinced themselves, and impart their convictions to others—all these, I say, are most difficult to deal with; for I cannot have them up here, and examine them, and therefore I must simply fight with shadows in my own defence, and examine when there is no one who answers. I will ask you then to assume with me, as I was saying, that my opponents are of two kinds—one recent, the other ancient; and I hope that you will see the propriety of my answering the latter first, for these accusations you heard long before the others, and much oftener.
 

their names I do not know and cannot tell:  their names가 전체 문장의 목적어로, 도치되어 앞으로 나왔다. 
slanderer: 비방자, 중상자
malice: 악의
wrought upon: wrought은 work의 고어식 과거분사형. work upon(on): ~을 설득하려 시도하다
impart: 나누다, 전하다
I cannot have them up here: 그들을 여기로 소환할 수 없다
propriety: 타당함


   소크라테스는 자신의  변론의 성공에 대해 다소 회의적인 태도를 보입니다. 하지만 모든 일이 신의 뜻대로 되어가리라는 말과 함께(Let the event be as God wills), 본격적인 변론을 시작합니다.


   Well, then, I will make my defence, and I will endeavor in the short time which is allowed to do away with this evil opinion of me which you have held for such a long time; and I hope I may succeed, if this be well for you and me, and that my words may find favor with you. But I know that to accomplish this is not easy—I quite see the nature of the task. Let the event be as God wills: in obedience to the law I make my defence.


endeavor: 시도하다
in the short time which is allowed: 허락된 짧은 시간 안에
do away with: 제거하다, get rid of
find favor with: ~의 호감을 사다.
accomplish: 성취하다
I quite see the nature of the task: 나는 이 (쉽지 않은) 일의 성질을 정확히 알고 있습니다.
                                                  quite은  여기서 completely의 뜻.
in obedience to: ~에 따라



(translated by Benjamin Jowett, http://www.bartleby.com/2/1/1.html)